Allergenicity Safety Assessment

Wang et al., 2025. Safety assessment of membrane-associated protoporphyrinogen IX oxidase from Enterobacter cloacae expressed in genetically modified crops. GM Crops & Food.

Sánchez-Brunete et al., 2025. Refining the safety assessment of newly expressed proteins in GMOs. Frontiers in Toxicology.

Rakitsky et al., 2025. Fermentation of Microalgae as a Platform for Naturally Encapsulated Oil Powders: Characterization of a High-Oleic Algal Powder Ingredient. Microorganisms.

Avisa et al., 2024. Genetically engineered eucalyptus expressing pesticidal proteins from Bacillus thuringiensis for insect resistance: a risk assessment evaluation perspective. Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology.

Want et al., 2023. Safety assessment of insecticidal proteins: A case study utilizing His-tagged protein to determine the safety of Mpp75Aa1.1, a new ETX_MTX2 protein that controls western corn rootworm.  BioRxiv Preprint.

Wang et al., 2022. Safety assessment of Mpp75Aa1.1, a new ETX_MTX2 protein from Brevibacillus laterosporus that controls western corn rootworm. PLOS ONE.

Carlson et al.,  2022. Safety assessment of the insecticidal protein IPD079Ea from the fern, Ophioglossum pendulum. Food Chem Toxicol.

Glenn et al., 2022. Biochemical and clinical studies of putative allergens to assess what distinguishes them from other non-allergenic proteins in the same family. Transgenic Research.

Herman RA & Song P., 2022. Comprehensive COMPARE database reduces allergenic risk of novel food proteins. GM Crops & Food.

Allergen Databases

Kemmler et al., 2025. KNUTS-DB – a data-driven knowledge database for NUTS. Toxicology Mechanisms and Methods.

Negi et al., 2023. The updated Structural Database of Allergenic Proteins (SDAP 2.0) provides 3D models for allergens and incorporated bioinformatics tools. J Allergy Clin Immunol Glob.

Klingebiel et al., 2022. Les bases de données en allergologie moléculaire. Databases in molecular allergy. Revue Francaise d'Allergologie.

Schein et al., 2022. Still SDAPing Along: 20 Years of the Structural Database of Allergenic Proteins.  Frontiers in Allergy.

GMO-db: Comprehensive database on biotechnology products. National Institute of Health Sciences (NIHS), Division of Biochemistry. COMPARE cited in section on Allergenicity assessment of biotechnology products as a database capable of implementing the FAO/WHO allergenicity prediction method.

Allergenicity Prediction Tools

Liu et al., 2025. AllergenAI: a deep learning model predicting allergenicity based on protein sequence. BMC Bioinformatics.

Shing-Hei Wong et al., 2025. Driving Accurate Allergen Prediction with Protein Language Models and Generalization-Focused Evaluation. Preprint.

Kemmler et al., 2025. AllergyPred: a web server for allergen prediction. Nucleic Acids Research.

Zhang and Liu, 2024. PreAlgPro: Prediction of allergenic proteins with pre-trained protein language model and efficient neutral network. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules.

Mishra & Georrge, 2024. Chapter 9 - Tools and platform for allergenicity prediction. Reverse Vaccinology.

Mills et al., 2024. Novel strategies for predicting allergenicity: development of a ranking method and screening tools to assess the allergy risk of innovative proteins. EFSA Supporting Publications.

Du et al., 2023. pLM4Alg: Protein Language Model-Based Predictors for Allergenic Proteins and Peptides. J Agric Food Chem.

He et al., 2023. DeepAlgPro: an interpretable deep neural network model for predicting allergenic proteins. Briefings in Bioinformatics.

Li et al., 2023. NetAllergen, a random forest model integrating MHC-II presentation propensity for improved allergenicity prediction. Bioinformatics Advances.

Garcia-Moreno & Gutiérrez-Naranjo, 2022. ALLERDET: A novel web app for prediction of protein allergenicity. Journal of Biomedical Informatics.

Maurer-Stroh et al., 2019. AllerCatPro—prediction of protein allergenicity potential from the protein sequence. Bioinformatics.

Allergy Detection Methods and Bioinformatics

KyuTark Kim, 2026. A Structural Landscape of Fungal Allergens with Epitope-Level Resolution Reveals Cross-Kingdom Structural Similarity. Preprint.

Limviphuvadh et al., 2025. Fish isoallergens and variants: database compilation, in silico allergenicity prediction challenges, and epitope-based threshold optimization. Frontiers in Bioinformatics.

Zhang et al., 2025. Identification of the Chenopodium album pollen allergen Che a 4 using yeast surface display. Chinese Science Bulletin.

Meisinger et al., 2025. Proteomic insights into novel food insects: Homology-based proteome characterization and allergenicity considerations for EU-regulated insect species. Food Control.

Zihan Jiang et al., 2025. Bro p 3, an nsLTP1: The first major allergen identified in Broussonetia papyrifera pollen. Molecular Immunology.

Bianco et al., 2023. Food allergen detection by mass spectrometry: From common to novel protein ingredients. Proteomics.

Lopez-Pedrouso et al., 2023. Advanced Proteomic and Bioinformatic Tools for Predictive Analysis of Allergens in Novel Foods. Biology.

Goto et al., 2023. Novel Machine Learning Method AllerStat Identifies Statistically Significant Allergen-Specific Patters in Protein Sequences. J Biol Chem.

De Pascale et al., 2023. Investigating phenotypic relationships in persimmon accessions through integrated proteomic and metabolomic analysis of corresponding fruits. Frontiers in Plant Sciences.

Zamani et al., 2023. Predicting the allergenic risk of Phosphite-NAD+-Oxidoreductase and purple acid phosphatase 17 proteins in genetically modified canola using bioinformatic approaches. Food and Chemical Toxicology.

Bauman et al., 2022. “From Protein Toxins to Applied Toxicological Testing” virtual workshop identifies the need for a bioinformatic framework to assess novel food protein safety. Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology. 

Yakhelf et al., 2020. Potential allergenicity of Medicago sativa investigated by a combined IgE-binding inhibition, proteomics and in silico approach. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture.

Allergy Reviews

Pandit and Latha, 2026. Informatics in allergology. Allergy Medicine.

Ladics and Silvanovich, 2026. Protein Allergy and Genetically Engineered Crops. Comprehensive Toxicology (Fourth Edition) - Book Chapter 5b.11.

Matricardi and Pfaar. 2025. Digital Allergology: State of the Art, 2024. Digital Allergology Book Chapter.

van Ree. 2025. Databanks and Expert Systems in Allergomics: Scientific and Clinical Implications. Digital Allergology Book Chapter.

Teixeira et al., 2024. Can Physicochemical Properties Alter the Potency of Aeroallergens? Part 1 – Aeroallergen Protein Families.  Current Allergy and Asthma Reports.

Sharma et al., 2024. A systematic review of allergen cross-reactivity: Translating basic concepts into clinical relevance. The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology.

Birse et al., 2023. Food allergen analysis: A review of current gaps and the potential to fill them by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization. Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety.

Molecular Allergology User's Guide 2.0.  European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. EBook (2022)

Guryanova et. al., 2022. How Do Pollen Allergens Sensitize? Frontiers in Molecular Biosciences.

Cross-Reactivity and Molecular Allergology

Richard Goodman, 2024. In silico approaches to identifying potentially cross-reactive allergens. Encyclopedia of Food Allergy (Chapter).

Zhao et al., 2024. Food-Pollen Cross-Reactivity and its Molecular Diagnosis in China. Current Allergy and Asthma Reports.

Stanly et al., 2021. Crosstalk Between the Immune System and Plant-Derived Nanovesicles: A Study of Allergen Transporting. Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol. 

Regulatory and Risk Assessment

Kedar et al., 2024. Allergic to bureaucracy? Regulatory allergenicity assessments of novel food: Motivations, challenges, compromises, and possibilities. Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety.

Mrdovć et al,. 2023. Flexibility and amendments of the Codex Alimentarius aimed towards small food business entities. Meat Technology.

Delgado et al., 2022. Sustainable Food Systems: EU Regulatory Framework and Contribution of Insects to the Farm-To-Fork Strategy.  Food Reviews International.

Herman et al., 2022. Slow alignment of GMO allergenicity regulations with science on protein digestibility. GM Crops & Food.

Other

Hanlon et al., 2025. Application of new approach methods (NAMs) in food safety with considerations for new proteins. Food and Chemical Toxicology.

Ansiliero et al., 2025. Cow’s milk protein allergy: Biochemical and immunological aspects and biotechnological strategies for hypoallergenic dairy production.  Food Bioscience.

Long et al., 2024. Extracellular Vesicles Are Prevalent and Effective Carriers of Environmental Allergens in Indoor Dust. Environmental Science & Technology.

Jain et. al., 2024. THPdb2: compilation of FDA approved therapeutic peptides and proteins. Drug Discovery Today.

De Alwis et al., 2024. Development of a pharmaceutical database as an aid to the nonclinical detection of drug-induced cardiac toxicity.  Journal of Pharmacological and Toxicological Methods.

Mohasses et al., 2023. Efficient genetic transformation of rice using Agrobacterium with a codon-optimized chromoprotein reporter gene (ChromoP) and introducing an optimized iPCR method for transgene integration site detection. Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture.

Rangkakulnuwat et al., 2023. Trehalose Phosphorylase as a Novel Potential Allergen in a Case of Allergic Reaction due to Oyster Mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) Ingestion.  Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology: Global.

Narushima et al., 2022. Unbiased prediction of off‐target sites in genome‐edited rice using SITE‐Seq analysis on a web‐based platform. Genes to Cells.